Abstract Objective: To present an updated review of recommendations for the vaccination of children with immune-mediated diseases, with an emphasis on rheumatic and inflammatory diseases. Source of data: Studies published in the PubMed and Scielo databases between 2002 and 2022, Guidelines of Brazilian Scientific Societies, Manuals and Technical Notes of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, on current immunization schedules for special populations. Data synthesis: Immunosuppressive drugs and biological agents reduce the immunogenicity of vaccines and favor susceptibility to infections. The safety and efficacy of immunogens are important points for vaccination in children with immune-mediated diseases. The safety threshold of a vaccine applied to immunocompromised individuals can be reduced when compared to healthy individuals. Very often, the recommendations for the immunization of children with immunemediated diseases follow the recommendations for immunocompromised patients. Vaccination against COVID-19, on the other hand, should ideally occur when the disease is stabilized and in the absence of a low degree of immunosuppression. The patients should be informed about the possibility that the immunization may fail during treatment with immunosuppressants. Specific vaccination schedules should be considered to ensure better protection. Conclusions: Recent studies have allowed updating the recommendations on the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination in children with immune-mediated diseases, especially for live attenuated vaccines. There is a scarcity of data on the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients, particularly pediatric patients, with rheumatic diseases. The completion of ongoing studies is expected to help guide recommendations on COVID-19 vaccines in this group of patients.

Abstract With the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, questions about transmissibility, vaccine efficacy, and impact on mortality are important to support decision-making in public health measures. Modifications related to transmissibility combined with the fact that much of the population has already been partially exposed to infection and/or vaccination, have stimulated recommendations to reduce the isolation period for COVID-19. However, these new guidelines have raised questions about their effectiveness in reducing contamination and minimizing impact in work environments. Therefore, a collaborative task force was developed to review the subject in a non-systematic manner, answering questions about SARS-CoV-2 variants, COVID-19 vaccines, isolation/quarantine periods, testing to end the isolation period, and the use of masks as mitigation procedures. Overall, COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing severe illness and death but are less effective in preventing infection in the case of the Omicron variant. Any strategy that is adopted to reduce the isolation period should take into consideration the epidemiological situation of the geographical region, individual clinical characteristics, and mask for source control. The use of tests for isolation withdrawal should be evaluated with caution, due to results depending on various conditions and may not be reliable.

RESUMO Introdução: embora seja uma doença rara, a imunodeficiência comum variável (IDCV) destaca-se como a imunodeficiência primária sintomática mais frequente. Os portadores são propensos a uma série de infecções bacterianas recorrentes, além do risco de desenvolver doenças autoimunes e neoplasias incluindo o câncer gástrico (CG). Apesar do risco reconhecido, não existem protocolos específicos padronizados para o manejo do CG nesses pacientes, de modo que os resultados oncológicos relatados são variados. Assim, esse estudo tem como objetivo descrever as características clinicopatológicas e prognóstico de pacientes com IDCV submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico do CG. Métodos: foram avaliados retrospectivamente todos os pacientes com CG submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico entre 2009 e 2020. Posteriormente foram identificados pacientes com diagnóstico de IDCV e esse grupo foi comparado com o restante dos pacientes sem nenhuma imunodeficiência. Resultados: dentre os 1101 pacientes com CG avaliados no período, 10 apresentavam algum tipo de imunodeficiência e 5 foram diagnosticados com IDCV. Os pacientes com IDCV apresentaram idade menos avançada, menor IMC e lesões com menor diâmetro em comparação aqueles sem IDCV. Quatro pacientes foram submetidos à gastrectomia curativa e um paciente realizou jejunostomia. Dois pacientes foram a óbito (1 paliativo e 1 curativo) e um paciente apresentou recidiva da doença. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à incidência de complicações pós-operatórias e sobrevida entre os grupos avaliados. Conclusão: a incidência IDCV nos pacientes com CG submetidos à tratamento cirúrgico foi de 0,5% ocorrendo em idade menos avançada mas sem diferença com relação aos resultados cirúrgicos e oncológicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: although it is a rare disease, common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) stands out as the most frequent primary symptomatic immunodeficiency. Carriers are prone to a variety of recurrent bacterial infections, in addition to the risk of developing autoimmune diseases and neoplasms including gastric cancer (GC). Despite the recognized risk, there are no specific standardized protocols for the management of GC in these patients, so the reported oncological results are varied. Thus, this study aims to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with CVID undergoing surgical treatment of GC. Methods: all patients with GC undergoing surgical treatment between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Later, patients diagnosed with CVID were identified and this group was compared with the remaining patients without any immunodeficiency. Results: among the 1101 patients with GC evaluated in the period, 10 had some type of immunodeficiency, and 5 were diagnosed with CVID. Patients with CVID had younger age, lower BMI, and smaller lesions compared to those without CVID. Four patients underwent curative gastrectomy and one patient underwent jejunostomy. Two patients died (1 palliative and 1 curative) and one patient had disease recurrence. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the incidence of postoperative complications and survival between the evaluated groups. Conclusion: the CVID incidence in patients with GC undergoing surgical treatment was 0.5%, occurring at a less advanced age, but with no difference regarding surgical and oncological results.